Oropendola

Montezuma Oropendola

Oropendola Nests

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae Genus: Psarocolius (but see text) Wagler, 1827

The oropendolas comprise two or three genera of South and Central American passerine birds in the New World blackbird family.

All the oropendolas are large birds with pointed bills, and long tails which are always at least partially bright yellow. Males are usually larger than females.

The plumage is typically chestnut or dark brown, although the Green and Olive Oropendolas have, as their names imply, an olive coloration to the head, breast and upper back. The legs are dark, but the bill is usually a strikingly contrasting feature, either pale yellow, or red-tipped with a green or black base. In several species there is also a blue or pink bare cheek patch.

Oropendolas are birds associated with forests or, for a few species, more open woodland. They are colonial breeders, with several long woven basket nests in a tree, each hanging from the end of a branch.

These gregarious birds eat large insects and fruit. They are very vocal, producing a wide range of songs, sometimes including mimicry.

Systematics

6 of the species in the genus Psarocolius indeed belong there:

• Black Oropendola, Psarocolius guatimozinus
• Chestnut-headed Oropendola, Psarocolius wagleri
• Russet-backed Oropendola, Psarocolius angustifrons
• Dusky-green Oropendola, Psarocolius atrovirens
• Green Oropendola, Psarocolius viridis
• Crested Oropendola, Psarocolius decumanus

Four somewhat different species were formerly separated in the genus Gymnostinops. Alternatively, the Crested Oropendola (and possibly others) would also belong here (Price & Lanyon 2002):

• Montezuma Oropendola, Psarocolius montezuma
• Baudo Oropendola, Psarocolius cassini
• Pará Oropendola, Psarocolius bifasciatus
• Olive Oropendola, Psarocolius yuracares - formerly in bifasciatus (as "Amazonian Oropendola")